Which grade is unaffected by construction techniques such as fill, landscaping, or berming?

Natural grade refers to the original level of the land before any alterations or modifications have been made through construction techniques such as fill, landscaping, or berming. It represents the unaltered contour of the land and serves as a baseline in site development. This grade is important in land surveying and planning because it provides a reference point for understanding how much the land has been changed due to human intervention.

In contrast, finished grade indicates the final level of the land after construction, including adjustments made to accommodate buildings, landscaping, and other elements. Initial grade may refer to the starting point before any significant work begins, while modified grade encompasses changes made to the natural grade through construction methods. Therefore, natural grade remains unaffected by any construction techniques, making it the correct choice in this context.